How to increase the efficiency of a heating battery: options for effectively increasing the indicator

Experimental data.

The first day of the experiment.

All graphs show temperature changes from 8.00 am to midnight.

Heat carrier temperature 42ºС.

The graph shows that the system worked more efficiently while the temperature difference between the air and the battery was large. When the difference decreased, the system stabilized.

The air temperature in the center of the room at a height of 65 cm from the floor rose from 15 ° C to 20 ° C in 9 hours.

Subsequently, the temperature increased by another 0.5 ° C.

The power consumption of the fan was 35.2 watts.

When, during the experiment, I left my room into the corridor, I immediately felt the temperature difference, because by that time I had already taken off the warm clothes.

I went to the barn and brought another fan from there. This fan was not equipped with a power switch, so I connected it through a homemade triac regulator, the design of which is described in detail here.

Well, life has become better, life has become more fun!

The second day of the experiment.

In the morning, I again measured the temperature of the coolant, as well as the temperature of the air in the room. All values remained unchanged, including the temperature overboard.

No temperature changes were noticed during the day.

The third day of the experiment.

The coolant temperature increased by one degree and amounted to 43ºС.

The temperature outside decreased and reached -15 ° C.

At the same time, the temperature in the room increased by another 0.5 ° C and reached 21.5 ° C.

The fourth day of the experiment.

The coolant temperature is still 43 ° C.

Temperature outside in the morning is -15 ° C.

The temperature in the room in the morning was 21.5 ° C.

Since no significant temperature changes were noted over the past day, I decided to increase the air flow and installed a second fan at 10.00.

After 10-15 minutes, the air temperature immediately increased by one degree, and then by another half a degree and reached 23 ° C.

Walking like that, I thought, and at 19.00 I turned on both fans at full power. The temperature in two hours increased by one more degree and reached 24 ° C.

Additional equipment for radiators

You can increase the heat dissipation of the battery by putting on an aluminum casing. This metal quickly absorbs and gives off heat. If a heating meter is not installed, adding sections to the radiator will make the heated area larger and more heat will enter the room.

The color of the radiator is also important for heat transfer: brown or bronze color increases it by 20 - 25% in relation to white. Before painting, you should remove the previous layers of coating, which are often found on old cast iron batteries, because they absorb heat.

If you rid the heating system of its air congestion, pollution, remove obstacles to convection and direct the spread of heat, the air temperature in the room will rise.

Ways to increase the heat dissipation of the battery

There are a lot of such methods, using several of them, you can significantly increase the heat transfer of batteries.

Natural convention. This is the simplest way to increase heat transfer, based on an elementary natural law. The heated air rises to the upper part of the room, and after cooling down, it goes down again. To

Natural convention worked at full capacity the batteries are best installed under a window.This will allow the cold air coming from the window to immediately heat up and rise to the top, and not pass into the room unheated.

Freeing up space around the battery. This method will help the cold air to heat up faster, since nothing will interfere with it. Installed furniture, thick textiles and various decorative ornaments of the battery significantly degrade and slow down the heating of the air.

If the batteries are open, the air circulation will not be disturbed and it will heat up quickly enough. Therefore, it is best to leave the space in front of the battery free.

Reflective screen. This screen is needed so that the battery does not heat the cold wall behind it, but directs all its heat into the room. The reflective screen helps with this, it allows you to direct the heat emanating from the battery in the right direction. It is quite simple to make such a screen.

It can take either foil or any other material with a foil surface and attach it to the battery. The main thing to remember is that there must be a space of at least two centimeters between the material and the battery. This is necessary so that the air can circulate normally.

Electric fan. Installation of such a device will improve air circulation, thereby speeding up the process of heating the air. This method is very effective and makes it possible to raise the temperature in the room by several degrees in a short time.

The main thing to remember is that the appliance can overheat itself, so you need to turn it on exclusively under viewing and not for a long time.

In order for the heat transfer of the battery not to deteriorate, it is necessary to regularly wet clean. Dust significantly impairs the heat transfer of heating devices and pollutes the air in the room.

Also, before the start of the heating season, you need to bleed air from the batteries, since it greatly impairs the heating capacity. It is necessary to carry out such a procedure only after water has been run through the pipes. Reading the battery this way will improve its heat dissipation.

Such methods are quite effective, thanks to their use, the heat transfer of the batteries can be significantly improved and the temperature in the room can be increased by several degrees. If these methods do not help in any way, then most likely you will still have to change the batteries to new and more powerful ones.

But the replacement can no longer be carried out without the help of specialists, since this process requires certain knowledge and skills.

And it also entails a considerable amount of material costs, so it is better not to replace and install new batteries on your own, it is better to turn to knowledgeable and experienced craftsmen.

Other ways to increase heat transfer

The people have come up with several non-standard solutions on how to improve the indoor climate by optimizing the heat transfer of radiators.

Using a reflector screen

A homemade reflector is a popular "invention" that improves the quality of the heating system. Such a screen is designed to redirect the heat flow into the room, excluding its loss due to leaving on the outer walls. Mounting the reflector may cause the room temperature to rise slightly.

Most often, the screen is made of foil insulation - foamed polyethylene, one side of which is foil. In the absence of such material, ordinary foil can also be used, the main thing is that it is strong enough and does not tear. A slightly larger reflector is cut from the base than the radiator itself, placed behind the battery, fastened to double-sided tape or glue. Before installing the screen, some of the heat warmed up the wall, and now this amount of energy will go into the apartment.

Installing a Heat Reflective Screen Behind the Battery

If possible, instead of foil behind the radiator, it is worth placing a ribbed shield made of shiny steel. It will not only reflect heat, but also accumulate it, giving off energy even in the event of a temporary short-lived heating shutdown. Basalt shields with aluminum coating are considered more expensive, but also highly effective.

Increased air circulation

The easiest way to optimize heat transfer in a room is by simply improving air circulation. It happens that there is furniture next to the batteries, or they are hidden by heavy curtains. So that such obstacles do not interfere with the heat penetration into the house, you need to get rid of them, because otherwise the speed of air flows cannot be increased. If you free the battery from the elements that cover it, the heat will move more freely around the room.

Using a fan to improve air circulation

In addition, some people use a fan to improve heat transfer. This appliance helps to accelerate the circulation of heated air, therefore, natural convection is improved. The maximum possible amount of heat that a particular radiator can generate will go towards the room. When buying a fan, it is better to pay attention to models that do not emit noise, as well as economical in terms of electricity costs. Place the fan at a slight angle to the radiator and leave it running for several hours.

Purging radiators

If the battery does not work well due to clogging or the presence of air locks, you will have to contact a specialist. It is strongly not recommended to fix the problem on your own, moreover, it requires the use of special equipment. Various techniques can be used to blow through pipes:

hydraulic blowdown;
pneumohydro-impulse flushing;
cleaning with chemical solutions.

Hydraulic cleaning of the heating system

The choice of the method is made by a specialist depending on the severity of the problem. For some events, you will have to cooperate with neighbors. High-quality work will help increase the efficiency of the heating system and improve the microclimate in the house.

What is efficiency and how to calculate it

The heat transfer from heating devices, which include batteries or radiators, consists of a quantitative indicator of the heat that is transferred by the battery over a certain period of time and is measured in watts. The process of heat dissipation by batteries takes place as a result of processes known as convection, radiation and heat transfer. Any radiator uses these three types of heat transfer. In percentage terms, these types of heat transfer can vary for different types of batteries.

What will be the efficiency of heaters, in the overwhelming majority of cases, depends on the material from which they are made. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of radiators made of different types of material.

Cast iron has a relatively low thermal conductivity, so batteries made from this material are not the best option. In addition, the small surface of these heating devices significantly reduces heat transfer and occurs due to radiation. Under normal conditions of an apartment, the power of a cast iron battery is no more than 60 watts.

(See also: Which is better to choose a heating radiator)

Steel is slightly higher than cast iron. More active heat transfer occurs due to the presence of additional ribs, which increase the area of heat radiation. Heat transfer occurs as a result of convection, the power is approximately 100 W.

Aluminum has the highest thermal conductivity of all the previous options, their power is about 200 watts.

In addition, for the most efficient heating, it is necessary to consider how much power may be required.When calculating the power of heating devices required for a room, the number of walls facing the street and windows is used. For every 10 m2 of floor in the presence of 1 outer wall and a window, about 1 kW of thermal power of the battery is required. If there are 2 external walls, then the required power is already 1.3 kW. (See also: Hot water heaters)

The bottom connection is used if the heat transfer pipes are hidden under the floor screed and does not exclude heat loss in an amount of up to 10% of the original value. One-pipe connection is considered the least effective, since the power loss of the heating device with this method can reach 45%.

How to increase the heat exchange of heating batteries? Memo

To increase the heat transfer of radiators, five basic conditions must be met. Consider them:

Dust must not be allowed to collect on the heating device, since microparticles significantly reduce heat transfer, it is also necessary to keep the inside of this device clean;
It is better to paint heating devices in a dark color, since it is these shades that contribute not only to the absorption, but also to the emission of light. For this, it is better to use zinc-based whitewash, and then the efficiency of the heating system, and in particular the battery, will increase by almost 15%;
The simplest answer to the question: - how to increase the heat transfer of batteries? - there is a tip: - it is necessary to hang a reflective screen on the wall behind the radiator, ordinary foil is suitable for this, which will redirect the heat that goes outside to the inside of the room. Take this material or metal sheet and fix it on the wall (behind the heater) and you will immediately feel that the air has warmed up;
In order for the heat transfer of the heating battery to increase, it is necessary to increase the surface area of the radiator; for this, casings are used, which can be made of aluminum. In the event that the battery does not heat the room well, then just such casings are used, since this metal heats up quickly and gives off heat.
If the batteries are often disconnected, you need to purchase an iron element that heats up longer and transfers heat for a longer time;
When warm air from the battery circulates in an unnecessary direction, then the air flow from the operating fans is directed to the radiator, which will redirect the hot air in the right direction;
If there are several computer coolers at home that are not used, then they are located at the bottom of the radiator, and they will help warm air circulate faster from floor to ceiling.

The considered cases give an answer to the question: - how to increase the heat transfer of batteries? but besides this, other factors must be taken into account, such as - the power of the heater, its quality, the way of connection and compliance with some rules during installation.

Common reasons for a decrease in heat transfer from a heating battery

The most common reason for a decrease in heat transfer from radiators is scale and rust that accumulates inside. If the radiator itself is flushed (which utilities should do annually), then the heat transfer will increase significantly. The same applies to heating risers. However, it will not be possible to carry out such a procedure on its own due to the fact that during the production of such work (even in summer), it is necessary to drain the water from the system. Here you cannot do without the help of specialists. The same applies to the replacement of radiators from cast iron to bimetallic - they have a high heat transfer. Therefore, we will not dwell on such complex and time-consuming options. It is better to consider simpler methods that any home craftsman can perform, even without experience in a similar field.

The heat transfer of bimetallic radiators is higher than that of cast iron

We use a reflector screen: the use of polyethylene foam

Using a reflective screen is a fairly popular method of increasing heat dissipation. Foamed polyethylene foam on one side is ideal for this purpose. Such a screen (it should be larger than the radiator itself) is placed behind the battery with foil in the direction of the room and fixed on the wall with double-sided tape or liquid nails. Foamed polyethylene provides additional insulation, and the foil reflects the heat that warmed up the wall before installing the screen, directing it into the room.

Important information! It is best when such moments are thought out even at the stage of installing heating batteries. In this case, a steel ribbed shield can be fixed behind the radiator, which will accumulate heat, and then direct it into the room. Such shields are convenient if heating shutdowns occur frequently.

Something like this looks like a screen made of foamed polyethylene foam

Also, basalt slabs with an aluminum coating have proven themselves well as a screen.

Increased heat transfer with accessories and painting

To increase the air temperature in the room, special aluminum casings are used, which are put on the radiator. With their help, the area of the heating battery increases and, as a result, their heat transfer. The cost of such casings is low, and the effect is quite significant.

The color in which the radiators are painted is also of great importance. It is better to choose darker shades for these purposes. For example, a brown-colored radiator has 20-25% more heat transfer than white ones.

This casing improves appearance and increases heat dissipation.

Improving convection by increasing air circulation

Everyone knows that improved air circulation helps to warm up the room faster. For these purposes, you can use a fan, which is installed in such a way as to achieve the maximum flow of warm air towards the room.

Helpful information! If there are computer coolers at home that are not used, you can install them under the radiator, directing the air flow upward. This will maximize convection, resulting in a significantly warmer room.

You can increase convection (if the radiator is recessed under the window sill) by cutting holes in the window sill and closing them with screens or decorative covers. Thus, warm air will not be trapped in the niche, which will improve circulation.

It's impossible to win this country! Self-assembly of fans to improve convection:

What determines the level of heat transfer from the heating battery?

To understand the principle of operation of various methods of increasing heat transfer, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the variables that affect the efficiency of a central heating battery located in an apartment.

In general terms, the level of heat transfer from a radiator depends on the following factors:

the material from which it is made;
the number of sections affecting the heat transfer area;
type of radiator piping;
coolant circulation rate;
water heating level.

There are also indirect factors due to which the heating battery connected to the circuit does not work at full capacity, these are:

the formation of air congestion;
clogging of radiators from the inside with solder, plaque or scale;
the use of decorative boxes;
applying multiple layers of paint to the battery;
external contamination of the radiator with dust.

Prologue.

This year we have unprecedented frosts. In some regions of the republic, the air temperature dropped to -24 ° C, which is an anomalous phenomenon for warm Moldova. I don't have a thermometer in my room, but I felt that the hand on the table began to freeze, and I had to put a piece of foam rubber under it.

We, in general, like the Amundsen, are already accustomed to the coolness, but yesterday the chairman of our condominium, collecting signatures under the appeal to the heat supplier, asked what the temperature in our apartment was. It is unlikely that the heat supplier will increase the temperature of the coolant, but perhaps the chairman wants to demand a penalty under the pretext of providing poor quality services.

Whatever it was, but this event first pushed me to measure the air temperature in the apartment, and then to conduct this experiment.

Of course, to say that this experiment was unclean is to say nothing. There are too many variables that could affect the accuracy of the result, from the direction of the wind overboard to the activity of the computer working in the test room.

But, the most important parameter, which at another time would not allow this experiment to be carried out at all, is the stability of the coolant temperature.

The fact is that in warmer periods of time, the temperature of the coolant is actively regulated throughout the day to save energy consumption. When there is an abnormal temperature outside, then all the valves are wide open.

Ways to increase heat transfer

At the moment, there are several ways to increase the heat output from an already created and used heating system that did not meet your expectations:

Installation of convectors. This construction is made of a pipe with metal plates strung on it, made by hand, or factory-made.
Coloring of the main pipeline in black or other dark color. This method, for all its simplicity, is quite effective. In addition, the color scheme can organically fit into the modern design of the premises, in contrast to the recent past, when it was considered a necessary measure.

Note! Paint is just an additional method, which is relevant in rare cases, since the efficiency is too low to "admire" the black stripes.

Installation of registers in the heating system. The register consists of several large-diameter pipes connected to each other and with welded ends. These designs include heated towel rails in the form of a coil with several loops.
Rearrangement of radiators with the addition of sections. This option is the most costly, but also in terms of efficiency it is higher than the rest.

If you decide to add radiators, then place them under the windows or next to the front door (as in the photo)

Recommended! Remember that installing additional insulation materials will also increase heat dissipation by reducing the loss of heat generated. However, it is possible only when erecting a residential building from the foundation, or when dismantling the facade.

Registers

This was a very simple and cheap solution in situations where heating of large areas was required. Although if we talk about the heat transfer of a pipe in such a register in comparison with an aluminum radiator, the difference in efficiency is staggering. Due to the larger area of the heat exchanger of the radiator and the thermal conductivity of aluminum, modern equipment is undoubtedly preferable. And outwardly, the registers looked rather crude.

Nevertheless, registers were acceptable for their time due to their low cost and simplicity. It can be noted that the welded seams on them were very strong, and the clogging of the pipe did not interfere with their functioning.

Underfloor heating systems

If we are talking about a water-heated floor, in contrast to an electric analogue, metal pipes are used as a heating circuit in it, although they have recently become less and less used.

The main reason for the decrease in demand for a water-heated floor is the gradual wear of steel pipes, a decrease in the clearance in them.In addition, the installation method is also important - not everyone can perform welded seams, and a threaded connection threatens with a coolant leak after a while. Naturally, no one will like the result of water leakage from the system in the floor with a screed - the ceiling of the lower floor or basement will be flooded, and the ceiling will gradually become unusable.

For these reasons, steel pipes in warm water floors were first replaced by metal-plastic coils, the fittings to which were attached outside the screed, and now they prefer reinforced polypropylene.

This material is characterized by a slight thermal expansion, and with proper installation and operation, they can last for more than a dozen years. Alternatively, other polymeric materials are also used.

Please note that the gaps for thermal expansion of reinforced polypropylene still need to be left, although it is small

Small details.

To measure the temperature of the steam heating battery faster and more accurately, it is enough to apply a small amount of heat-conducting paste "KPT-8" to the ball of the digital thermometer sensor. The place of contact during the measurement must be covered with several layers of fabric or a layer of foam rubber.

The above experiment made me question the accuracy of my digital thermometer. To make sure that his readings are correct, I compared them with the readings of a mercury thermometer. To do this, I immersed both thermometers in hot water at the same depth and followed the readings as the water cooled.

Long-term operation of the fans immediately revealed the weak point of modern devices.

If the 1973 Penguin fan has a front plain bearing equipped with an oil seal (the arrow marks the opening for filling the oil seal with oil), which allowed it to work for almost 40 years, then there is no trace of such an oil seal in a modern fan.

In addition, the "Penguin" has a spring that prevents the occurrence of longitudinal beats of the shaft. The new fan, after two days of operation, began to rumble, since due to the longitudinal beating of the shaft caused by the eccentricity of the propeller, one of the fluoroplastic gaskets quickly worn out.

To eliminate the longitudinal backlash, it took several ordinary and two thin-walled washers, as well as a gasket cut from foam rubber.

First, I disassembled the stator.

Then he put thin-walled washers and a gasket on the motor shaft, and with the rest of the washers increased the clearance between the bearings.

To ensure any kind of long-term operation of the fan, I cut out an oil seal from the felt, and from some nylon cover, an oil seal plug and pressed it all into a recess around the shaft. Naturally, he did not regret the oil either.

I started thinking about buying two dozen 120mm computer fans. I think if you install them directly between the sections of the batteries, then this should reduce noise and increase the efficiency of heat transfer.

Methods for increasing heat transfer

The round shape does not at all contribute to an increase in the heat transfer of metal pipes. An even lower coefficient of the ratio of volume and surface can be found only in the sphere.

Consequently, the problem of how to increase the heat transfer of the pipe undoubtedly faced the developers of the first simple heating devices.

To increase the heat transfer coefficient of a steel pipe, the following methods were previously used:

The surface of the tube was coated with a matte black paint to enhance the infrared radiation of the heating element. This made it possible to achieve a significant increase in the room temperature. It is worth noting that modern chrome plating on heated towel rails is extremely ineffective for enhancing heat transfer - it is, rather, for beauty.
An increase in the heat transfer of the pipe due to the welding of additional ribs on it, which made the area of the heating element, and hence the heat transfer, significantly larger.The most advanced use of this method can be called a convector, that is, a section of a bent pipe with welded transverse ribs. Although the pipe itself in this case gives off a minimum of heat.

Any of these methods can be used if the question is how to increase the heat transfer of the heating pipe with your own hands, because they are not at all complicated and are quite feasible at home.

How can the heat transfer of heating batteries be increased?

How to effectively increase the heat transfer of a central heating battery?

The centralized heating system involves heating the coolant in the boiler room and its further distribution to the living quarters using a system of pipes and radiators. In order for the heating to be as efficient and uniform as possible, it is necessary to choose the right radiators, as well as take additional measures to increase heat transfer.

In the long term, knowing how to increase the heat output of a central heating battery will help the owner achieve maximum comfortable and smooth heating of his home, and permanently solve the problem of cold in the apartment when the heating system is on.

Radiator painted dark

Another opinion that wanders the Internet is that painting a battery black or brown increases heat transfer by radiation. In most cases, such judgments are based on the physical concept of a "black body", which absorbs and radiates the most. All this also applies to the heating battery. Those painted with light paint emit less than those painted with dark ones. Let's estimate how much.

A bit of physics. According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the radiation of an absolutely black body is proportional to the absolute temperature to the 4th degree.

R (T) = σ × T4, where

σ = 5.67 10-8 W / (m2K4) - Stefan-Boltzmann constant.

Real bodies are "gray". For a real "gray" you need to take into account its emissivity ε. The battery itself absorbs infrared radiation from the room, and the textbooks give the corresponding formula, which includes the temperatures of both the battery and the room (in Kelvin to the 4th degree). It is easy to show that if the battery is heated from 20 ° C to 40 degrees, then its radiation will increase 81 times. The calculation (approximate, of course) shows the following. Let a battery with an area of 1 sq. m painted with brown oil paint (ε ≈ 0.8 for it). Let the water temperature in it be 70 ° С, and the rooms - 20 ° С. Then the power of infrared radiation of such a battery will be 300 watts. Not so little! The battery painted with black matte (not glossy!) Paint will heat even more. And if the paint is white, the radiation power will be lower. But aesthetic considerations usually prevail, and batteries (open) are usually painted with light colors.

Black radiators can also be freely found on sale Commentary Sergey Kharitonov Leading Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Engineer Spetsstroy LLC Ask a question “Physics directly proves the effectiveness of painting a radiator in dark colors, but all this refers to ideal operating conditions. Let me remind you that convective heat transfer prevails in ordinary water batteries and the color does not affect it in any way. In addition, you need to be confident in the quality of the entire heating system. If 30 ° C comes to your radiator, then don't paint, there will be no sense. Well, do not forget about the aesthetic component. Are you ready to contemplate black "coffins" every day for the sake of a few dozen extra watts? "

Conclusion: effective, but requires ideal operating conditions.

Increased heat transfer from paint

There are the simplest ways to optimize the room temperature that do not require a call from a specialist. An example is the coloring of radiators. According to the physics course, the heat transfer from dark objects is higher than from light ones. It is believed that coloring a white radiator in brown or dark bronze will increase heat generation by 20-25%.You need to choose a paint for a battery carefully - it is better to buy an enamel with the lowest thermal insulation ability.

Alkyd enamel for heating radiators

Dyeing black

The darkest paint among all possible is black, and it is precisely this paint that is recommended for painting pipes and radiators. There is a physical concept of "absolutely black body", which most capaciously absorbs and emits energy. Indeed, when carrying out calculations, the radiation power of a white battery will be lower than that painted in matte black.

In practice, changing the color of the battery does not bring significant benefits, because all calculations refer to ideal operating conditions. Since convective heat transfer is noted in conventional radiators, changing the appearance of the battery will hardly affect it. Moreover, making the battery black is not worth it for aesthetic reasons, because it will look heavy and even repulsive. The only way out is to use a special dark aluminum casing that fits over the radiator. It somewhat increases heat transfer, although with weak heating of the coolant and clogging of the batteries, it will also be useless.

Painting with black paint improves heat dissipation of radiators

Removing excess paint and dust

Before drastic measures are taken, it is possible to try to improve the heat transfer of the battery in the least difficult way. Often there is a thick layer of dust on the surface of the product, which serves as a kind of heat insulator. First, you should thoroughly rinse the radiator, removing dirt, and only then evaluate the quality of its work.

A thick layer of paint also has a negative effect on the functionality of the battery. During the heating season, layering of paintwork materials reduces the release of heat into the air, so you will have to get rid of them. It is advisable to carry out all the work before connecting the heating: sand the surfaces to the rough metal and apply a new thin layer of paint.

Removing old paint from radiators

How to install any radiators

The coolant in central heating has special impurities that negatively affect many radiator models. Therefore, they are not installed in apartments. In fact, in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to make sure that instead of the CHP heat carrier, there is our ordinary water.

For these purposes, you need to mount a heat exchanger at the entry point of the central heating risers into the apartment.

A heat exchanger is a device that removes heat from one source and transfers it to another. Simply put, this is our intermediary who will simply take heat from the CHP and transfer it to our own heating system inside the apartment.

What are the advantages of a heat exchanger?

Performs the function of a boiler by removing heat
Allows you to create your own heating system inside the apartment with its own heat carrier and pressure.
Allows you to implement any heating options

The use of a heat exchanger also has its drawbacks:

It gets clogged periodically. Requires dismantling and flushing
In addition to the heat exchanger, it is necessary to install an expansion tank, a pump and related fittings.

Having installed a heat exchanger, you can mount any radiator system: radial, two-pipe, and others. You can hide the pipes in the screed. You can use any pipe materials without worrying that they will become unusable. Any brand of radiator can be used.

Estimated indicators

To calculate the power of the heating equipment, as well as to find out the scale of heat loss during the transportation of the coolant, it will be necessary to perform heat removal from the pipe at certain temperatures of the liquid inside it and the air outside. The thermal insulation layer serves as an additional parameter.

The formula for calculating the heat transfer of a steel pipe looks like this:

Q = K × F × dT, in which:

Q is the desired result of heat transfer from a steel pipe in kilocalories;

K is the thermal conductivity coefficient.It depends on the material of the pipe, its cross-section, the number of circuits of the heating equipment, as well as the difference in temperatures between the outside air and the coolant;

F is the total surface area of a pipe or several pipes in the device;

dT is the temperature head, that is, ½ the total temperature of the liquid at the inlet and outlet from the pipe minus the air temperature in the room.

If the pipes are additionally wrapped with a layer of thermal insulation, then its efficiency in percentage terms (the amount of heat passed through it) is multiplied by the obtained heat transfer rate.

For example, we will calculate the heat transfer of a register from three pipes with a cross section of 100 mm and a length of 1 m.In the room, the temperature is 20 ℃, and the coolant when passing through the pipe cools down from 81 to 79 ℃.

According to the formula S = 2pirh, we calculate the surface area of the cylinder:

S = 2 × 3.1415 × 0.05 × 1 = 0.31415 m2. If there are three pipes, then their total area will be 0.31415 × 3 = 0.94245 m2.

Indicator dT = (79 + 81): 2-20 = 60.

The value of K for a register of three pipes with a temperature head of 60 and a cross-section of 1 meter is taken equal to 9. Therefore, Q = 9 × 1 × 60 = 540. That is, the heat transfer of the register will be equal to 540 kcal.

Thus, we examined the concepts of heat transfer, as well as ways to minimize heat loss of a steel pipe for certain cases. There is nothing very complicated about this. The main thing is to approach the issue responsibly.

How to correctly calculate the power of the heating battery

It should be noted that heat transfer is the power or heat flow of the heating device. Let's consider how it is calculated for a specific room, which in our case has an area of 14 m2 and a ceiling height of 2.7 m.

The most common way to calculate correctly is based on the presence of exterior walls and windows in the room. For example:

if the room has one wall facing the street and one window, then 1 kW of power is needed per 10 m2;
if the room has two outer walls and two windows, then for 10 m2, a heater with a heat output of 1.3 kW will be required.

Consider the second method for determining the required amount of heat flow to heat a particular room:

S * h * 41, where S is the area of the room;
h - ceiling height;
41 is an indicator of the minimum power per 1 m3 of the room.

Having made a calculation using this formula, we determine that for our room with an area of 14 m2 and a flow height of 2.7 m, we get that we need to purchase a radiator with a capacity of 14 * 2.7 * 41 = 1549 W, which corresponds to 1.5 kW, and since one section (depending on the brand) has a power of up to 100 W, it is quite easy to determine that you will need to purchase a 15 section heating battery.

It is important! If, during the calculation, a non-integer expression is received, then it is rounded up.

In the event that they want to know how to regulate the heat in the batteries, it is necessary to carry out work on the installation of a thermostat, which ensures uniform heating of the room to a certain temperature.

Summarize

There are a lot of ways to increase the heat transfer of heating radiators. Today we have considered only the main ones. However, it should be remembered that it is always easier to think over everything in advance, at the installation stage, than to put a lot of effort later, without the confidence that the result will be significant. Unfortunately, in Russia everything is done at random. The final advice of the editors of Homius.ru will be the following recommendation: think about the future and spare no expense during installation. The financial resources saved today can turn into costs tomorrow, which will significantly exceed your savings.

The most optimal option is that all the heat rises upwards, due to which a normal heat exchange is created.

We hope that the information presented in today's article was interesting and useful to our Dear Reader. Despite the fact that we have tried to present everything in sufficient detail, you may still have questions about the material.In this case, ask them in the discussions below - Homius.ru editors will be happy to answer them as soon as possible. If you know a way to improve the heat transfer of radiators, which was not reflected in today's article, please share it with other home craftsmen - this information will be very useful. And finally, we suggest watching a short, but quite informative video on today's topic.