A balcony often becomes an indispensable part of an apartment: someone equips it as a living space, someone organizes a flower garden or a small vegetable garden on it, and many simply store seasonal things, furniture or building materials on it. In any case, it is very difficult to imagine an apartment without a balcony or loggia, and their presence becomes a huge plus when buying a home.
In modern buildings there are balconies even on the first floors, but they are not provided for in the projects of Khrushchev houses. For this reason, many decide to attach themselves a balcony. But to carry out such work, you need not only special knowledge and skills, but also all the necessary documents, permits and technical justifications for the extension project. Let's try to figure out in stages how to attach a balcony on the first floor correctly from the point of view of both construction technologies and the law.
Getting permission
Insofar as the balcony extension is essentially a redevelopment that changes the configuration of the living space, then the result of such actions should be reflected in the technical passport.
Any changes and additions to the passport of the premises require approval from the relevant authorities: the administration and the architectural department.
But contacting these bodies is the final stage of the approval procedure, and until that moment, the project of future construction must be approved with city or regional organizations of the water utility, gas and fire services, heat service, SES.
How to attach a balcony on the ground floor? To obtain a building permit it is necessary to prepare a plan (project)which can be ordered from licensed architectural and design organizations. The project is developed individually or used as a standard one.
Once provided the package of documents will be reviewed (within 45 days), the applicant is issued a permit to carry out construction work or a reasoned refusal.
Registration with the BTI authorities with the addition of an extension to the floor plan is carried out only after the signing of the acceptance certificate. The selection committee may include representatives of supervisory authorities, design organizations, and district administrations.
Intermediary services
Often people who want to attach a balcony to their home turn to intermediary firms for help. So it is much safer to wait for the upcoming construction, because you will not need to run to different authorities to obtain permits, the company will do everything for you.
In addition experienced firms usually have their own connections in their respective organizations, and getting permission for them there will be much easier than doing it yourself.
And the skills of the experienced lawyers of the firm will help to legalize the existing project faster if there are any reasons for refusal.
The services of such a company can be expensive (another 60-100 thousand to the total cost) and you should immediately decide for yourself whether the balcony is worth such costs.
Attention! You need to be smart about the choice of an intermediary company and be wary if they offer to prepare all the documents in a couple of weeks. As a rule, it takes at least 4 months. Work only with proven, experienced firms that have long been on the market for such services.
Where to contact? List of required documents
To obtain permission to build a balcony, you should contact the district administration or local government, as stated in article 26 of the LC RF, clause 2, with a statement drawn up according to the approved form.
In addition to the application, the package of documents must include the following certificates and papers:
- Ownership of this area.
- The plan of the premises received at the BTI.
- Redevelopment project ready.
- Photos of the whole house and the part where the extension is planned.
- Construction permit for the relevant housing and communal services organization.
- Consent from neighbors and family members.
- Permits from district utilities, whose networks are located near the construction site.
- Consent from the architectural supervision service and monuments protection authorities.
Neighbors' consent to add a balcony, sample.
A building erected without obtaining a permit can be legalized in court with the provision of all the required documents.
On a negative verdict the plaintiff is required to return the building to its original appearance, which implies the demolition of the illegal extension in accordance with Article 29 of the RF LC.
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Where to complain to neighbors when carrying out illegal work
Redevelopment should be coordinated with local government authorities. The owner must have a project. Since repairs can violate the rights of neighbors, it is required to find out in advance where to complain about illegal actions.
You can also come to the municipality if the violator lives in a privatized apartment. The authority can check the legality or illegality of the redevelopment. You need to contact the general department or reception. The response to the appeal is given after 30 days. It is permitted to send an electronic or certified letter to the authority.
Justice can be restored with the help of the State Housing Inspectorate. The appeal can be either written or electronic. After verification, it is possible to bring the violator to justice. In addition, the organization may oblige the owner to restore the previous type of living quarters.
The prosecutor's office is also involved in illegal redevelopment. During the check, it will be possible to inspect the premises. If after the order the apartment is not restored, the case is referred to the court. In the absence of a result, in this case, it is possible to bring to criminal liability
To avoid problematic moments with controlling organizations and neighbors, it is important to preliminarily agree on redevelopment
Learn how to combine a kitchen with a living room.
Read about how to make remodeling and remodeling in the bathroom here.
Cases of refusal to issue a permit
As practice shows, there are many precedents., when a fully and competently prepared package of documents is not a reason for issuing a permit for the construction of a balcony. Building a balcony on the ground floor is not permitted.
There are hard restrictionsimposed on construction work if:
- the building is located in the historical and architectural center of the settlement;
- the building is a monument of history, architecture or culture and appears in the corresponding list;
- the extension will significantly distort the architectural appearance of the building;
- damage to the structure of the house and the system of engineering communications will be caused;
- neighbors will be against;
- the extension will interfere and inconvenience other residents or pose a threat to life.
Can play a role in getting rejected purely formal reasons, such as:
- lack of documents required by article 25 of the LC RF;
- submission of papers to inappropriate authorities;
- violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Additional restrictions
Subject to obtaining all approvals and permits a number of restrictions are imposed on the future extension in terms of:
- compliance with the architectural style of the building, i.e. you should think about the choice of building materials and finishing;
- compliance with the red line - the finished structure should not violate the boundaries already established by the existing balconies;
- being from communication and engineering networks at a distance of at least 2.5 meters;
- compliance with sanitary and hygienic conditions, which provide for a certain norm of lighting and air exchange of internal premises;
- compliance with fire regulations that restrict the use of combustible building materials.
Balcony roof
As a frame and lathing for a balcony roof, you can use metal corners 25x25 or wooden bars. The roof should have a slight slope to drain water, therefore, the balcony walls must be pulled out to a level that is slightly below the level of the second floor balcony. You can use any roofing material - ondulin, tiles, slate, etc.
It is advisable to make the roof for the suspended balcony separately hanging, so it will not put pressure on the balcony brackets with its weight.
Neighborhood consent as a prerequisite
The implementation of any types of extensions, including balconies, means a reduction in the area adjacent to an apartment building.
It means decrease in public ownership, which is a piece of land around an apartment building in accordance with Article 36, paragraph 4, of the RF LC.
How to build a balcony on the first floor? In such cases it is mandatory to obtain permission from neighbors or members of the HOA for the use of the common territory. Neighbors on the right, left and above must confirm their consent to the construction of the balcony.
Price factors
Just build a balcony without any intermediaries, of course it will be cheaper... Builders estimate the bottom line starts on the figure 100,000 rubles... However, add here the epic of the authorities and it is not at all a fact that they are all ready to give their consent for free.
You should also take a closer look at the company that is developing the project for installing the balcony. The services of a competent designer, who takes into account all the location of communications and all possible nagging of the authorities, simply cannot be cheap.
Extensions to houses of different types
Insofar as on the territory of Russia, the construction of residential buildings from various materials is practiced, then the balconies being erected should correspond to the style of the building as much as possible, so as not to break the existing type of development and the architectural appearance of the district or city.
Therefore, when choosing building materials and at the design stage, special attention is paid to this issue.
It is clear that if the balcony is attached to a wooden house or building, then in the decor, at least, wood should be used, and the constructive of the balcony in this case should be of the frame type.
In the case of brick and panel houses building material, methods and means of fastening are selected so as not to damage the supporting structures of the building.
How to attach a balcony on the 1st floor of a multi-storey building without problems with documents
A balcony is a necessary thing for an apartment. You can take unnecessary things to the balcony, you can equip it under a working corner, or you can use it for relaxation.
The residents of the first floor are deprived of such joy. However, there is a way out: to attach a balcony with your own hands.
Residents of the first floor can make themselves a balcony. Photo: okna-forte.ru
Types of balconies and stages of construction
Before deciding on the project for the future extension, you should choose one of the two most popular types of balconies: suspended (mounted) and attached.
First option is built on brackets and supports, the number of which is calculated depending on their section and the total area of the base of the structure, and second - on a foundation (strip, pile, columnar).
A side balcony is common for ground floors if the distance from the ground is insignificant. For those cases when the building has a high mezzanine, you should pay attention to the suspended version.
Attached balcony
Balcony equipment starts with laying the foundation... The load is preliminarily calculated, taking into account the weight of building materials and operating conditions, the characteristics of the soil, the depth of soil freezing are taken into account, and only then the type of base is selected.
The most popular are balconies on the ground floor, erected on a strip support. Before pouring the base, installing piles or concrete slabs, the territory is marked, then work is carried out to lay the foundation, and waterproofing is carried out.
The heights of the foundations of the house and balcony shouldn't be different.
Installation of a balcony on the 1st floor at the second stage: the walls are laid out, the material of which should correspond as much as possible to the style of the building. These can be reinforced concrete slabs, bricks, wood or double-glazed windows.
The size of the extension windows should not differ from the windows in the house in height.
The roof is covered so that precipitation in the form of rain or snow could not accumulate, i.e. inclined. For better protection from precipitation, a galvanized strip with a cornice is laid on the roof between the building of the extension and the wall of the house.
The roof is laid on rafters and lathing.
If the balcony is considered as an all-season room, then waterproofing and insulation is performed floor, walls and roof.
Equipped with an entrance from the interior... Glazing is carried out with the installation of window sills and ebbs and finishing.
Private lawyer Victoria Suvorova (Pyatigorsk) answers:
According to the legislation, the consent of all apartment owners in your house is required to arrange a balcony. Even if the building has 10 apartments, it is a multi-apartment building. The fact that the house is located "on the outskirts" of the settlement also does not matter. You must obey the law, regardless of whether the house is in the center or on the outskirts. I would recommend that you hold a meeting of apartment owners in your house, get their consent, and then contact the administration of the settlement for legalizing the balcony. You will be able to advise in more detail step by step only after studying your documents.
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